Lesson 4.19

Using Positive Reinforcement to Achieve Behavioral Change

People in mattress factory

Lesson Preparation

Before coming to your training, please do the following:

 

Lesson Preview

In this lesson you will discuss, ponder, and role-play situations in which you use positive acknowledgment and reinforcement, schedule reinforcement, and shaping to promote good behavior in particular associates.


Positive Verbal Acknowledgment and Positive Reinforcement

From the following list, choose and complete one or more activities that best apply to your situation.

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Activity 1

As a group, discuss the following questions:

  • What positive reinforcements (verbal and nonverbal) have you used in the past?
  • What positive effects did they have on you or the person you used them with?
  • What effect could positive reinforcement have on struggling associates?
  • What other verbal and nonverbal positive reinforcements could you use with struggling associates?

For a list of possible positive reinforcements, see the “Lesson Resources” section, Resource 1.

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Activity 2

It may seem challenging to recognize positive behaviors and qualities in associates who seem difficult to work with or do not seem to be making progress. In fact, doing this might take time; effort; the development of new skills; and a change in how you think, feel, and perceive.

Think of an associate who is not following through with commitments, is being disrespectful to others, or has another similar struggle. Record the associate's name and difficulty and then silently ponder the following questions:

  • What do I know about the associate?
  • What accomplishments does he or she have?
  • Though the associate is struggling, what positive qualities does he or she have?

Record positive statements about this associate in your learner's journal.

If you feel comfortable doing so, share with the group what you recorded. As a group, discuss other positive things you could say about that particular associate.

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Activity 3

Divide into pairs and role-play the following scenario:

A particular associate is often late to work. While at work, the associate takes excessive break time.

One person will be the job coach trainer and the other will be an associate. Role-play how the job coach trainer can use an immediate positive reinforcement when the associate comes to work on time.

When everyone has finished role-playing the scenario, discuss the results as a group. Then record impressions about positive reinforcements you could use.

Reinforcement Schedule

From the following list, choose and complete one or more activities that best apply to your situation.

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Activity 1

As a group, read and discuss “Schedules of Reinforcement” (John N. Marr and Richard T. Roessler, Behavior Management in Work Settings [1986], 16).

  • What is a reinforcement schedule?
  • What are key points for each of the four types of reinforcement schedules?
  • What are some of the strengths of each of the four types of reinforcement schedules?
  • Which schedule is most effective for establishing a new behavior?
  • Which schedule is most effective for maintaining behavior changes?

Have a volunteer write key points from your discussion on the board.

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Activity 2

Select an associate for whom you would like to implement a reinforcement schedule. Record the schedule on the tracking sheets found on the Deseret Industries intranet. Decide which type of schedule (fixed, interval, non-interval, and so forth) you will use to help your associate.

Shaping

Shaping is a technique used to help people work toward a good behavior. It consists of dividing the targeted behavior into smaller behaviors or tasks that build upon one another. For example, a child has a hard time doing homework for 30 minutes straight. One day, his mother asks him to do homework for 10 minutes straight. The child succeeds at this for a few days in a row. His mother provides positive reinforcement and then asks him to do homework for 15 minutes straight. The pattern repeats until the child is able to do homework for 30 minutes straight.

From the following list, choose and complete one or more activities that best apply to your situation.

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Activity 1

As a group, read the following scenario:

Jane's responsibility is to hang clothes in the clothing processing area. She wants to sit down to hang because a previous employer allowed her to do that. Jane's job coach trainer requested a doctor's note but soon realized that Jane was physically able to stand for the full day. However, the job coach trainer could see that standing for the full day would be overly difficult for Jane, so he decided to try shaping.

The job coach trainer required Jane to stand for 10 minutes every hour. He also provided her with a notepad and asked her to record her standing time. After every 10-minute standing period, the job coach trainer walked by Jane and congratulated her on her progress. At times, the assistant store manager also participated with positive verbal acknowledgment.

Jane really enjoyed this type of reinforcement. Each week, Jane was required to increase her standing time by 5 minutes per hour. After Jane reached 30 minutes an hour, she decided she could stand longer than the requirement.

Within weeks of reaching the 30-minute mark, Jane stood for her full work shift. She had used her notepad to track her own progress and was able to share her progress with others at any time. As a result, Jane's productivity increased, her health improved, and she was excited to progress at work. She eventually began to support the lead associate for the clothing processing area with management activities.

Read and discuss “Shaping” (John N. Marr and Richard T. Roessler, Behavior Management in Work Settings, 14). Then discuss the following questions:

  • What could have happened to Jane if she were required to immediately begin standing all day?
  • How did shaping help Jane to progress?
  • What positive behaviors did the job coach trainer display?
  • How did these positive behaviors affect Jane?

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Activity 2

Read and discuss “Shaping” (John N. Marr and Richard T. Roessler, Behavior Management in Work Settings, 14). Then discuss the following questions:

  • What experiences have you had with shaping?
  • What were some of the benefits of shaping?
  • How did you feel throughout the experience?
  • Was there anything negative about using shaping?
  • Did using shaping lead to the desired behavioral changes?
  • If the goals were achieved, how long did it take to achieve them?
  • How would you counsel others considering applying this technique?

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Activity 3

Divide into pairs and discuss the following questions:

  • What are some benefits of using shaping in promoting a good behavior?
  • What good behaviors would you like particular associates to develop?
  • How could using shaping help one of your associates develop a particular behavior?

Record a shaping plan to help an associate change a particular behavior. Write phrases you would say to this associate. Share your ideas with your partner and ask for feedback.

Ponder and Plan

“What Lack I Yet?”

Seek to identify a personal or business gap or need.

Spend a few minutes silently pondering what you've discussed during this lesson. Listen as the Holy Ghost helps you identify areas where you can improve. Record your impressions in your learner's journal under the question “What Lack I Yet?”

“What Must I Do?”

Seek ways to close the gap or develop the required talent(s) to meet the need.

With the guidance of the Spirit, create your plan of how you will improve and close the gap(s) you have identified. You may use one or more of the exercises below, your own strategy, or a combination of both. Record this plan in your learner's journal under “What Must I Do?”

  • Record what incentives motivate each of your associates.
  • Practice giving feedback to your development counselor. Ask your development counselor how you can improve in providing feedback.

After a few minutes, those who are comfortable doing so can share their impressions with the group.

“Therefore, What?”

Seek understanding, and then share what you learned.

During the week, focus on implementing the plan you created. Record your impressions or lessons learned in your learner's journal under “Therefore, What?” You will be given time at the beginning of next week's lesson to share your experience with the group.

“For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little.”

Isaiah 28:10

Lesson Resources

Resource 1

Positive Reinforcement Ideas

Natural:
  • More pay
  • Increased self-confidence
  • Better sense of community with coworkers
  • You understand your job better
  • The ability to put that positive skill or work behavior on your resume
Created:
  • A small food item, such as a candy bar, chips, soda, health bar, bottle of water, gum, lunch, and so forth
  • A small practical item, such as lotion, hand sanitizer, a flashlight, lip balm, nail polish, and so forth
  • Extra rewards in work, such as an extra break, more paid time at lunch, a change in schedule, a change in position, and so forth
  • Positive verbal acknowledgment
  • Extra time to participate in skills training, job searching, school searching, and so forth